Coursework research and planning💕

 Research: horror film websites

Visit the Come Play horror movie website.

1) How do you know that the film is from the horror genre?

The website clearly hints that this movie is from the horror genre we can see this through the typography and font. "Come Play" is written in a very spine-chilling way. In the middle of the "o" and "a" there is a red dot which could connote eyes watching out which gives off a creepy vibe. The colour red also connotes death or blood. 

2) How does the website make the audience want to watch the film?

The website includes a film trailer which includes very eye-catching , interesting details which could pull you in to watch more and leave you hanging and to be intrigued with what happens next 

3) Scroll down to see the whole homepage. What other content does the website offer?

The website offers social media links and very intriguing photographs, for example photos of the cast crews jaws dropped or looking scared or concerned which would make the consumers fascinated with the outcome of the film. It also includes a trailer and section labelled "About the film" which contains a short insight / description about the storyline of the film. It also includes the real names of the cast and the character names of the cast.

Next, visit the Mothers Of Monsters horror movie website.

1) What font/typography and colour is used for the title of the film?

The font used for the title of this film is sans serif in capital letters. The colour red once again connotes death and blood which portrays that is a horror movie 

2) Scroll down to see the whole homepage. How is the film described in the 'About' section?

In the 'about' section , the film is described as "A found footage psychological thriller & real-life horror"

3) Keep scrolling down. What other content does the website offer?

the website also offers the cast and crew, an interview and a page titled 'who we are"

Finally, visit this website for horror movie The Invisible Man. 

1) What is the main image on The Invisible Man film poster (on the left of the website homepage)?

The image is of a woman at the corner of the poster looking behind her. The poster is also mostly empty/ black.

2) What is the tagline for the film? (Clue: it starts 'What You Can't See…')

what you can't see can hurt you

3) How is the story of The Invisible Man described on the site?

It's described as "a terrifying modern tale of obsession inspired by Universal's classic monster character". The story is described to make the audience feel sympathetic for the female lead.

The Times: Representation and Industry notes💕

 Representation

1) What representation of private schools can be found on the main front page story of the Times

"Fee-paying schools 'save the tax payer £20 billion'"Views education as important and represents fee paying schools in a positive light. More elitist.

2) What representation of the Conservative Party can be found in the story at the top of the front page 'Calls for criminal enquiry as top ministers deny security leak?

Story about potentially criminal government leak is angled to defend the government and contains multiple denials of any wrongdoing. This supports the government and creates a representation of the Conservative Party as being law-abiding and open to scrutiny. This reinforces the fact that the Times usually supports the Conservative Party in British politics.

3) How are the Royal Family represented in the Times? (See front page 'Fitting tribute' - Duchess of Cambridge picture and the inside page 'Royal Anzac Day on both sides of the world'). 

Focus on the future King of England and his wife/family and role in international diplomacy (similar to The Mirror but more positive, less gossip).

4) How does the coverage of the Royal Family in the Times contrast with the reporting of the same events in the Daily Mirror?

Focus on future King of England and his wife/family and role in international diplomacy (similar to The Mirror but more positive, less gossip).

5) How are British people and Muslims represented in the article and sidebar 'Sri Lanka tourists warned of more terror'?

Easter Sunday bombings: threat of Islamist extremism in Sri Lanka and infiltrating Britain: ‘Extremist preacher encouraged students…’ Fear of minority religions and ethnic groups. 

Sri Lanka tourists: warning British tourists about foreign terror attacks. More of a Right-Wing viewpoint and suggests readers have money for exotic holidays. Also a more right-wing negative view of minorities as ‘other’ and potential threat.

Industries

1) Who owns the Times? Write the name of the company AND the billionaire who owns the company.

The Times is owned by News UK and is mostly owned by Rupert Murdoch, an Australian media mogul with many business interests worldwide such as the Fox network in the USA.  

2) What was the The Times's circulation in 2019? How many papers did the Times used to sell back in the 1990s?

The Times circulation in 2019 was 376,000, down 12% in a year and much lower than the high point of over 800,000 in the 1990s.

3) How has the Times reacted to the decline in print sales and the growth of the internet?

Moved towards a multi-platform landscape. This means that it publishes and synchronises across its print, desktop and mobile platforms. Created a social media strategy in collaboration with the digital team to drive growth of their Twitter and Facebook profiles. 

4) What does IPSO stand for and what is IPSO's job?

Independent Press Standards Organisation. They regulate 1500 print and 1100 online titles, help with unwanted press attention, advise publication editors and provide information to the public.

5) Why do some people want stronger regulation of British newspapers? 

Some people argue that the newspaper industry cannot be trusted to regulate itself using IPSO and that stronger, statutory regulation should be introduced instead. This would also implement the recommendations of the Leveson Inquiry which followed the phone-hacking scandal.

Newspapers: The Times - Language and Audience💕

 Audience

1) What is the main readership demographic for The Times newspaper? 

37% = 65+

83% = 35+

ABC1 Social Class

2) What aspects of the front page of the Times CSP edition suggest that their readers are likely to be more educated and interested in hard news rather than entertainment?

On the Times there are a lot less images and mainly stories and news articles. The articles mainly contain hard news such as politics and the royal family. Therefore, this suggests the newspaper targets mainly educated people because they understand these issues and generally read them more.

3) Times readers are mostly over 55 years old. Why is this and how is this reflected by the new stories and kickers in the CSP pages we have studied?  

Most of the times consumers are over 55 years old because the older generation are used to doing things the old fashioned way and not having technology and the media to tell them news.Generally the older generation understand tax and economy more comfortably which reflect the news articles. 

4) What is the main audience pleasure offered by the Times? Use Blumler & Katz Uses and Gratifications theory.

Surveillance is offered by the Times because it informs readers of the economy, government and royal family.

5) Why might a reader enjoy this CSP edition of the Times? Use Blumler & Katz Uses and Gratifications theory categories and write as detailed an analysis as you can.

Readers may enjoy this CSP edition of the Times because it contains a lot of hard news about the royal family, who are real celebrities and may be inspirations to others. In addition , they might read this CSP edition of the times because its content is aimed at conservative supporter.

Language

1) What is the main story on the front cover of the Times CSP edition (26 April 2019) and why does it appeal to Times readers?

The main story on the front cover is 'Fee-paying schools save the taxpayer £20 million'. This appeals to Times readers because the audience of the Times are mainly higher class, so they are more likely to send their children to a good private school which could cost more than a public school. Accordingly , this article helps many parents to save money but still give their child a worthy education.

2) List the other news stories and kickers on the front page of the Times CSP edition. Why do you think the Times selected these for the front page?

Hard news - "Calls for criminal...':

Entertainment - "Know your Thor from your Iron Man - Marvel beginners guide"

Relaxation - Sleep well-...'

3) What are the main stories on the inside pages of the Times CSP edition and how are they constructed to appeal to Times readers? 

Awareness and knowledge - Sr-Lanka tourist...':

Hard news and Conservative valves - 'How death of grandmother put fear on Henry VII'

4) Which of Galtung and Ruge's News Values apply to the Times's front page stories? Write about both the main story on private schools and the government leak enquiry. 

Personalisation because many parents have children who attend private schools.

Elite Nations because the government helps control the country.

Familiarity because private schools are very popular in Britain as people here tend to be more wealthy and prestige 

5) What does a close analysis of the news stories in the Times CSP edition suggest about the Times's political beliefs?

A close analysis suggests the Times's political beliefs are: conservative, bias and of higher/upper class. 

The Times - Introduction 💕

 1) What year was The Times founded and when did it start using the Times name?

founded in 1785. they rebranded as The Times in 1788 – the first newspaper in the world to use the Times name.

2) What content did John Walter suggest the paper would offer in the first edition?

John Walter explained "like a well-covered table, it should contain something suited to every palate”this means that he wanted to put everything in the paper that he could of gotten hold of during the time

3) What does the page say about the political views in The Times? 

The Times has supported both New Labour and the Conservatives in recent times and supported Remain in the 2016 EU referendum.

4) Who owns The Times today and how is editorial integrity protected?

New Labour and the Conservatives

5) What did The Times introduce in 2010 and why?

digital versions of their newspapers to help ensure a sustainable future for their journalism.

6) What was The Times named in 2018 by the Reuters Institute for Journalism at Oxford University?

Britains's most trusted national newspaper

7) What does the section on Editorial Standards say about The Times and newspaper regulation?

they take complaints of the people an then they go ahead and abid the independent press standards organisation 

8) What does the section on Ownership say about The Times and who is the current editor? 

They are published and owned by times paper limited and the current editor would be John Witherow

Daily Mirror case study💕

 Representation

1) What political party does the Daily Mirror support?

The Labour Party 

2) How does the Daily Mirror usually represent rich and powerful people?

Generally, the newspaper will act as a voice for normal people and go against the rich and powerful (like Conservative politicians or 'greedy bankers').

3) How are celebrities usually presented in tabloid newspapers like the Daily Mirror? Look at the 'New Bond stars are revealed' story on the front page of the Daily Mirror.

Celebrities are presented to look good and sometimes look bad. They help create gossip for the readers.

4) How are the royal family presented in the double-page spread 'Kate told Harry to make peace... then they all met up for tea'? 

The royal family is presented as a normal family who have fights and then make up, but also a posh family who go to drink tea afterwards.

5) Why do you think the Daily Mirror represents the royal family as a 'normal' family? Why might this appeal to Daily Mirror readers?

The royal family may be seen as 'normal' because they, like many other normal families, have had a family row/argument which needs fixing. The audience may appeal to this because they have maybe also had fights with their families.


Industries

1) What company owns the Daily Mirror?

Reach- it was formerly owned by Trinity Mirror. They own multiple local and regional newspaper.

2) What is the Daily Mirror's circulation in 2020? How many papers did the Daily Mirror used to sell back in the 1990s?
The Daily Mirror's circulation has fallen drastically over the years from over 3 million a day in 1990 down to around 500,000 a day in 2019.

3) Why has the newspaper industry struggled in the last 20 years?

You can now access the news on things like social media , google , the radio for free . This can be seen as a more quick and convenient option rather then paying for a newspaper to read it.

4) How has the Daily Mirror reacted to the decline in print sales and the growth of the internet?

The Daily Mirror has created the mirror.co.uk website and social media content such as the Daily Mirror Twitter feed to gain more attention online. The move towards a multi-platform landscape means that it publishes and synchronises across its print, desktop and mobile platforms. The Daily Mirror provides this online content for free.

5) List five of Galtung & Ruge's News Values and explain how they link to the stories in our CSP edition of the Daily Mirror.

Immediacy - This links to the CSP as the news about the royal family had happened only recently, so it can be defined as breaking news.

Familiarity - This links to The Daily Mirror because we understand culturally about the Royal Family in Britain.

Unambiguity - The story is easy to understand because we can relate to the family row in the article.

Continuity - This article about the royal family has been seen before in other newspapers as well as the news on TV which shows it has already been defined as news before.

Elite nations and people - In our CSP edition of The Daily Mirror, the news article contains celebrities/ the royal family who are well - known. Furthermore, the event happens in Britain which concerns us more.

Daily Mirror case study💕

 Language

1) Write the definition of the following key language for newspaper front pages:

Masthead: The masthead lists editorial staff, publisher, subscription details, and contact information.
Pug:to catch the readers eye, it's placed in the top left and right hand corner; the prices, logo and issue number 
Splash Head: the lead story of the newspaper 
Slogan: catchy phrase that represents the paper
Dateline: the line where the date is 
Kicker: story that entertains the audience 
Byline: says the authors name 
Stand first: introductory paragraph usually in bold 

2) How much does a copy of the Daily Mirror cost?

 5p to 85p

3) What are the main stories on the CSP edition of the Daily Mirror (see above)?

the royal family 

4) Why is the choice of news stories on the Mirror CSP front page typical of a tabloid newspaper?

it makes people intrigued too read it that could potentially be into gossip and drama 

5) What is the balance on the Daily Mirror front page between images, headlines and text?

They purposely put a photo of price harry kissing another female make the newspaper seem like it contains more drama , maybe as if  prince harry is cheating on kate 


Audience

1) What is the target audience for the Daily Mirror?

oldest readership 65+ , 44.5%

least readership 15-24 , 5.7%

people interested in soft news 

2) Why does the Mirror front page story appeal to the Daily Mirror audience?

The front page story is less supportive of the Conservative party, a right-wing party, and is more in favour of left-wing parties like Labour so lower class audiences can more closely relate to the Newspaper as a majority of Struggles are of Left-Wing beliefs. 

3) Why might a reader enjoy the Daily Mirror? Use Blumler & Katz Uses and Gratifications theory to add detail to your answer.
The story about 'Car Park Vultures' is appealing to the Daily Mirror's audience as typically they are more likely to have faced car tickets that they aren't able to pay off since Strugglers have less disposable income. 

4) Why are print newspapers generally read by older audiences?

 It also offers their audience diversion as it has free offers and a large promotion for betting.6BVN

December PPE learner response💕

 1) Type up your feedback in full - WWW & EBI. You do not have to write your mark and grade if you don't want to.

WWW; strong attempt at Q1.2 which reveals good knowledge of narrative theories.

EBI; work on timings in this paper you will be expected to answer 3 x 20 mark question 

2) Write a definition for a preferred reading to make sure you know this terminology. The original blogpost for Reception theory may help with this

when the audience consumes and views the media the way the producers want them to view it 

3) Write a list of any narrative theories that you DIDN'T use for your answer to question 1.2. How could you have used these in the Doctor Who clip in the exam? 

 Levi Strauss- Young V Old 

susan is a teenager whereas her grandfather is an old man 

4) Write three ways in which a modern audience might respond differently to Doctor Who: An Unearthly Child compared to an audience at the time.

doctor who was slow paced whereas modern audiences are familiar with fast pace shows 

5) Write a plan for question 2 in the assessment - the 20-mark essay on Doctor Who as a franchise. Use the mark scheme to help you and aim to plan an introduction, conclusion and at least three detailed paragraphs.

justify , make a judgement : yes 80% & no 20%

live evidence from episodes

diversity

6) What topics do you need to revise for future Paper 2 exams? List at least three topics, theories or CSPs.

the whole of doctor who 

barthes & blumer and katz 

Introduction to Newspapers💕

 

1) What type of news can you typically find in a tabloid newspaper?

soft news- celebrity gossip , life hacks ect 

2) What type of news can you typically find in a broadsheet newspaper?

larger, more niche and tends to focus on serious, harder news.

3) If someone is left-wing, which political party are they likely to support? Which newspaper would they be likely to read?

in favour of social equality and reform. The Labour Party is considered left-wing and the Daily Mirror generally supports Labour and left-wing causes.

4) If someone is right-wing, which political party are they likely to support? Which newspaper would they be likely to read?

prefer the traditional way things are and in favour of low taxes. The Conservative Party is considered right-wing and the Times generally supports the Conservatives and right-wing causes.

5) Why has there been a decline in newspaper sales in the last 20 years?

You can now access the news though social media , so looking at news online is quick and convenient which means people dont actually buy physical newspaper copies much anymore.

6) Why is a free press important in a democracy like the UK?

A free press implies that journalists and newspaper editors can edit content free of intervention from Government influence. Which publishes a wider range of opinions and debates.

Doctor Who: Audience and Industry blog tasks💕

Audience

1) Who is the target audience for Doctor Who? Has it changed since 1963?

appeals to masses (12-40), reboot helped gain younger fans.

2) What audience psychographic groups might particularly enjoy Doctor Who?

12 certificate so maybe young teens and reverences to popular culture (pop culture) 

3) What audience pleasures are offered by An Unearthly Child? Apply Blumler and Katz's Uses and Gratifications theory to the episode. Make sure you provide specific examples from the episode to support your ideas.

Personal Identity:

-susan-teenager-listening to music-costumes

-school setting-mise en scene

-teachers:barbara&ian-almost parental figures  

Personal Relationships:

-teacher+susan - audience wants them to be safe - cliffhanger/ enigma code. 

Diversion (Escapism): -dramatic sci fi narrative 

-mystery=susan-"unearthly"

-tardis

Surveillance (Information / Facts): technology , science , history

-the doctor

- the teacher

-the french revolution/ the space travel

            

4) What additional Uses and Gratifications would this episode provide to a modern 2020 audience?

In 2020 people may still watch doctor who as diversion. The sci-fi genre can be a form of escapism 

5) Thinking of the 3 Vs audience pleasures (Visceral, Vicarious and Voyeuristic pleasures), which of these can be applied to An Unearthly Child?

Visceral Pleasures: Tardis taking off- creepy junkyard

Vicarious Pleasures: Space and time travel - inside of the tardis 

Voyeuristic Pleasures: Teachers discussion of susan


Industries

1) What was the television industry like in 1963? How many channels were there?

In 1963 the television industry was small. There were only 3 channels available to watch.

2) Why is Doctor Who such an important franchise for the BBC? 

3) How does Doctor Who meet the BBC's mission statement to 'inform, educate and entertain'?

Doctor Who informs and educates people because of the science and history you learn throughout the show. It is also great entertainment as it provides a lot of science fiction and action in the episodes.

4) How is the BBC funded?

The BBC is funded from us as BBC license fee payers wheres other channel rely on advertising and sponsorship.

5) Who regulates the BBC and what is the watershed?

The BBC is regulated by OfCOM (the office of communications). OfCOM oversees all media channel and produces a code of conduct that all media channels must follow. This includes suitable programmes before the 9pm watershed and various other quality standards.

Class: Language and Representation💕

 Language and close-textual analysis

1) Write an NCIS analysis for the episode - using notes from the screening in class. Make specific, detailed reference to moments in the text using media terminology (e.g. media language - camera shots and movement, diegetic/non-diegetic sound, mise-en-scene etc.)

Co-owner of a Lonely Heart;

Narrative:

-"previously" recaps previous episodes

-corakinus tries to regain control of his heart

-april is seen carrying a sword

Character:

-shadow kin 

-april m 

-corakinus

Iconography:

-sword

-torches

-blue flame

-smoke cgi

Setting:

2) How does Todorov's theory of equilibrium apply to Co-owner of a Lonely Heart? Try and use the expanded version of Todorov's theory: Equilibrium - Disruption - Recognition - Reparation - New equilibrium.

the start of the equilibrium starts as April is the co-owner of corakinus' heart. April reveals her superpowers to her father which is a disruption. Aprils father confronts her mother about Aprils behaviour (recognition). the reparation was April still battling with corakinus to survive. The new equilibrium is April traveling to the shadow realm to defeat the shadow kin.

3) Applying Propp's character theory, what character roles do each of the main characters in Class fit into? Alternatively, you may wish to discuss how characters do not fit Propp's character types.

Charlie can be seen as props character roll as a hero as he saved his race from the shadow kin.

April Maclean can be seen as the princess as she's considered 'the damsel in distress' and protection from corakinus.

Corakinus can be seen as the villain because he fights the hero and was selfish about it.

Andrea Quill is seen as the donor as she is the leader of the quest (doctor) encourages her to support them in the quest.

Ram Singh can be seen as the false hero as he's the companion to the hero also helps the narrative progress.

Huw Maclean (Aprils dad) can be seen as the dispatcher as he informs Aprils mum about her superpowers 

Tanya Adeola can be seen as the helper as she communicates to the rest of the group to inform of developments in the quest.

4) What enigma and action codes (Barthes) can you find in Co-owner of a Lonely Heart? Make specific, detailed reference to the text using media terminology (e.g. media language - camera shots, diegetic/non-diegetic sound, mise-en-scene etc.)

Action Codes (physical code);
-pink flower petals: repetition of them seen as deadly

-blue swords: significantly links to sci-fi genre as links to violence of antagonist (corakinus)

-orange pupils (eyes): linking her corakinus together

Enigma Codes (non-verbal code mystery):

-conversation between mattheuz and Charlier about cabinet of souls 

-April becomes aggressive in her history lesson - potentially sharing corakinus emotions.

-mother regaining ability to walk- links to sci fi genre encourages narrative to next episode.

5) What examples of binary opposition (Levi-Strauss) can you find in Co-owner of a Lonely Heart? How do these create narrative or drama for the audience?

one key example of binary opposition is lightVdark is shown through planet earth (humans) and shadow realm (shadow kin). another example is loveVhate is April defeating her mother and attacks and confronts her father.


Representations

1) How is gender represented in Class - Co-owner of a Lonely Heart? Are gender stereotypes reinforced or subverted?

Many gender stereotypes are represented in Class, for example, females: Women are presented as strong and powerful in this show through empowered characters like April and Quill, which subverts the stereotype that women are weak. However, it could be argued that the show is also reinforcing this stereotype, as April's mother needs to be healed so she's seemingly under men also April's mother is still bothered by her ex-husband. The stereotype that men are always strong is both reinforced and subverted in the show. Ram is shown to be protective of April and a sporty character, which reinforces the stereotype, however, he is also seemingly defenceless against April and merely follows behind her into the tear.

2) How is age (e.g. teenagers; older people like teachers or parents) represented in Class - Co-owner of a Lonely Heart? Does the show reinforce or challenge stereotypes about young people?

The show subverts many stereotypes against youth, for example, that teenagers are weak. However, this is overseen through the powerful teenage characters like April, having to protect their older companions. The show also reinforces stereotypes against teenagers, one example is that Teenagers are impulsive, which is clearly demonstrated by Ram sudden decision to chase after April.

3) How is race and ethnicity represented in Class - Co-owner of a Lonely Heart? Are  stereotypes reinforced or subverted?

Racial stereotypes are subverted in this show, with lead roles like Ram and Tanya as crucial characters in the show. It subverts the ideas that certain races, like Indians and BAME, are all uptight and untrusting since Ram/ Tanya are very open and trusting characters. Also, the show includes characters from East Europe who are openly gay, which both reinforces and subverts stereotypes that Eastern Europeans are all homophobic, as a lead role is gay, yet he is disowned by his family.

4) How is sexuality represented in Class - Co-owner of a Lonely Heart? How does this reflect the BBC's remit to represent modern Britain?

The show includes an openly gay relationship, which is not made to be different from any other relationship, massively subverting centuries of media which did not represent this group of people. This reflects BBC's remit since it shows how all realtionships are accepted and can be shown even on television, like Charlie and Matteusz' relationship.

5) How is disability represented in Class - Co-owner of a Lonely Heart? Why are disabled people generally under-represented in the media and how does Class try to address this?

Disability in Class is represented as something that is entirely normal, yet it also destroys this, since April heals her mother's paralysis, undermining how her disability should be permanent but unimportant. Disability is often under-represented as many people who are disabled are seen as pitiful and weaker, therefore unnecessary to be seen on screen. the show tries to subvert this by including a strong-willed disabled character, but ultimately fail in this, since her disability is written off as something that must be healed for her to be "normal".

Doctor Who: Language and Representation blog tasks💕

Language and close-textual analysis

1) Choose three key moments in the episode and write an NCIS analysis for those clips. You can use your notes from the screening in class. Make specific, detailed references using media terminology (e.g. media language - camera shots, diegetic/non-diegetic sound, mise-en-scene etc.)

An Unearthly Child scene analysis 0:00-06:40

Narrative: 

-police officer patrolling

-teachers were trying to establish where Susan lived

-concerned for her welfare

Character: 

-police officer

-ian chesterton

-barbara wright/history teacher

-susan forman/student

Iconography: 

-eerie sounds (non diegetic)

-electronic (sound effects from spaceship)

-foggy atmostphere creates mystery

-teachers formally dressed 

-science experiment equipment

Setting: 

-school

-junkyard

-outside school

-inside science classrooms


2) How does Todorov's theory of equilibrium apply to An Unearthly Child? Try and use the expanded version of Todorov's theory: Equilibrium - Disruption - Recognition - Reparation - New equilibrium.

Starts in the equilibrium of the school, which is disrupted by Susan. The teachers follow Susan into the junkyard (recognition), but this attempt failed as they were met with  another disequilibrium of the Doctor and their transportation to another time. The episode ends with no attempt at reparation.

3) Applying Propp's character theory, what character roles do each of the main characters in An Unearthly Child fit into? Alternatively, you may wish to discuss how characters do not fit Propp's character types.

Barbara and Ian can be seen as props character roll as the hero as she's concerned for Susans welfare 

Susan can be seen as the princess as she's the person being "saved"

Doctor (Susans Grandfather) can be seen as the villain as he refuses to cooperate (hostile)

Barbara can be seen as the helper as she follows Ian and this initiated her concerns for Susan.

4) What enigma and action codes (Barthes) can you find in An Unearthly Child? Make specific, detailed reference to the text using media terminology (e.g. media language - camera shots, diegetic/non-diegetic sound, mise-en-scene etc.)

When first introduced to the character Susan we find her dancing strangely, this enigma code suggests how her role may not be of this world. An action code we see is a scene of a police officer investigating the junkyard, which is convinent towards the end of the show. 

5) What examples of binary opposition (Levi-Strauss) can you find in An Unearthly Child? How do these create narrative or drama for the audience?

One key example of binary opposition in this episode is Old and Young. This is shown through Susan and The Doctor. Another example is Intelligence and Ignorance. This is shown through Ian's refusal to listen to the Doctor and his shock due to this. Another binary opposition in this episode is Weak and Strong.You could argue that in this episode, women are shown as weaker than men, as Babara and Susan are reliant on men. 


Representations

1) What stereotypes of men are reinforced and subverted in Doctor Who: An Unearthly Child? How?

A key stereotype of men that is enforced is that they should be more scientific than women, as Ian is a science teacher and there are seemingly no other female science teachers. Additionally, the stereotype that men are dominant is also reinforced in this episode because Ian takes the lead instead of Barbara, and the Doctor is the only character that controls the TARDIS, not Susan. However, this stereotype is also subverted as Ian was protected by Susan when entering the TARDIS.

2) What stereotypes of women/girls are reinforced and subverted in Doctor Who: An Unearthly Child? How?

A key stereotype that is reinforced is that women are much more emotional than men. This is shown when Barbara's worries about Susan and her fear in the TARDIS, as well as Susan's extremely emotional reaction to the Doctor taking off. The stereotype that women are weak is reinforced in this episode as Barbara needs Ian's protection and is quite reliant on him, proving how women are vulnerable. Susan also subverts this stereotype, as she attempts to fight back against the Doctor and holds her own ground.

3) What are common media stereotypes of young people and old people? Do any of the characters or scenarios reinforce or subvert these conventional stereotypes (consider this was 1963)? Has this changed in more recent series of Doctor Who?

One common media stereotype of young people is that they're rebellious which is clearly demonstrated through Susan. One stereotype of old people is that they're weak and wise which is both reinforced and subverted through the Doctor, it is reinforced because the Doctor is shown as an intelligent and rude character but is also strong since he can withstand Susan's attempt to stop him. 

4) What representations of race/ethnicity can be found in Doctor Who: An Earthly Child? Is this surprising or not? Give reasons for your answer and consider historical / cultural context (the 1960s). Has this changed in more recent series of Doctor Who?

There is only a clear representation of people of British, or white ethnicity. This is due to the lack of diversity on television at the time. Additionally, the 1960s were a time where racism was acceptable, and people of colour on television was not normal. In more recent seasons of the doctor this has changed, with companions of the Doctor being of colour.

5) How is social class represented in An Unearthly Child? Think about how education and knowledge is presented in the episode.

In this episode, the only class that is represented is the middle or upper class, as all the characters are clearly educated and are white, which suggests that they are of middle or higher class. The only human characters in this show are teachers, which further shows that the middle class is being represented.

Social and Historical context

1) How does An Unearthly Child reflect the social and historical contexts of the 1960s?
The plot was a narrative involving the Doctor and his companions voyaging

100,000 years into Earth’s past to help some cavemen discover fire. This contextually links to many current events that occurred in  the 1960s for example; 1969- First Man on the moon; 1961- First man in space as they all linked to science related events just like Doctor Who.

2) How might audiences have felt towards science fiction in the 1960s?

In my opinion, I think audiences could have felt more intrigued and excited as science fiction is evolving its becoming more realistic as the years go on which can make the consumers more likely to watch